Modulation of Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Adipokine Synthesis and Secretion by n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Abstract

Dysregulation of adipokines in obese adipose tissue contributes to inflammation and insulin resistance. Fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can modulate adipokine secretion, however, less is known about their effects in combination. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) exert anti-inflammatory effects and less is known about other n-3 and n-6 PUFA, which are more prevalent in the typical diet. Co-incubation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with LPS and long-chain n-3 PUFA decreased LPS-induced secreted MCP-1 protein. n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid and LPS synergistically increased MCP-1 and IL-6 secreted proteins. Plant-derived PUFA were relatively neutral stimuli. mRNA expression results suggest potential roles for G protein-coupled receptor 120 and toll-like receptor 2 in mediating the effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA and arachidonic acid, respectively. Overall, this thesis suggests that both n-3 and n-6 PUFA are important factors to consider in the development of nutritional strategies for improving adipose tissue inflammation associated with obesity.