The Lipotropic Effects of Dietary Choline Supplementation in Overweight Cats During Weight Maintenance

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dc.contributor.advisorVerbrugghe, Adronie
dc.contributor.advisorKirby, Gordon
dc.contributor.authorRankovic, Alexandra
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-07T17:37:10Z
dc.date.copyright2022-09
dc.date.created2022-08-18
dc.degree.departmentDepartment of Biomedical Sciencesen_US
dc.degree.grantorUniversity of Guelphen_US
dc.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophyen_US
dc.degree.programmeBiomedical Sciencesen_US
dc.description.abstractThe prevalence of overweight and obese cats in North America is high; increasing the risk of development of secondary health conditions in these cats. Obese cats often struggle to lose weight and maintain weight loss long-term. However, a drastic restriction of dietary energy is not recommended for obese cats due to risks of feline hepatic lipidosis. Choline, a nutrient involved in one-carbon metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis, has been explored as a means to increase hepatic lipid mobilization and improve hepatic health and body composition in humans, rodents, and livestock. However, there is no data supporting the use of choline supplementation in overweight and obese adult cats. Although L-carnitine supplementation has been researched, the results are inconsistent. The objectives of this thesis were to 1) review current knowledge surrounding choline on hepatic health and obesity, with a focus on cats, 2) evaluate choline above published recommendations on serum lipid, lipoprotein and metabolomic profiles, energy expenditure and body composition in overweight and obese cats, 3) conduct a dose-response study to determine the optimal dose of choline for lipotropic activity in overweight cats, and 4) compare the lipotropic effects of choline to L-carnitine in obese cats. Choline at five and six times the published recommendation increased several serum lipids and lipoproteins in obese and overweight adult cats, respectively; suggesting greater hepatic lipid mobilization. Choline at six times the published recommendation also increased one carbon cycle metabolites in overweight cats, suggesting improved methyl donor status. Choline did not change body weight or composition in obese cats. Choline increased serum lipids and lipoproteins to a greater extent than L-carnitine in both lean and obese cats, but did not change serum metabolites, energy expenditure, or body composition. However, obese cats presented with hypothesized disturbances in one-carbon metabolism, previously not reported in cats. Research investigating how choline supplementation may change gene expression in regards to lipolysis and lipogenesis and quantifying hepatic lipid concentrations with supplementation is necessary. The possible differences in one-carbon metabolism between obese and lean cats and how this may contribute to the development of feline hepatic lipidosis warrants further investigation.en_US
dc.description.embargo2023-08-18
dc.description.sponsorshipNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada - Collaborative Research and Development grant (CRDPJ 472710-16)
dc.description.sponsorshipElmira Pet Products (Elmira, ON, Canada)
dc.description.sponsorshipBalchem (New Hampton, NY, USA)
dc.identifier.citationRankovic, A., Godfrey, H., Grant, C. E., Shoveller, A. K., Bakovic, M., Kirby, G., & Verbrugghe, A. (2022). Dose-response relationship between dietary choline and serum lipid profile, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in overweight adult cats fed at maintenance energy requirements. Journal of Animal Science, skac202. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac202.
dc.identifier.citationVerbrugghe, A., Rankovic, A., Armstrong, A., Santarossa, A., Kirby, G., & Bakovic, M. (2021). Serum lipid, amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles of obese cats supplemented with dietary choline and fed to maintenance energy requirements. Animals, 11(8), 2196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082196.
dc.identifier.citationRankovic, A., Godfrey, H., Grant, C. E., Shoveller, A.K., Bakovic, M., Kirby, G., & Verbrugghe, A. (2021). Dietary choline supplementation increases transmethylation through the one-carbon cycle in overweight cats. Journal of Animal Science, 99(Supplement_3), 331-332. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.610.
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10214/27183
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of Guelphen
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectmethyl donoren_US
dc.subjectone carbon metabolismen_US
dc.subjectfeline nutritionen_US
dc.subjectfeline obesityen_US
dc.subjectindirect calorimetryen_US
dc.subjectmetabolomicsen_US
dc.titleThe Lipotropic Effects of Dietary Choline Supplementation in Overweight Cats During Weight Maintenanceen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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