In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Mycotoxins Using Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells and Their Remediation Using Yeast Cell Wall-Based Adsorbents

Simple item page
dc.contributor.advisorKarrow, Niel
dc.contributor.authorXu, Ran
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-22T14:22:12Z
dc.date.available2023-03-22T14:22:12Z
dc.date.copyright2023-03
dc.date.created2023-02-22
dc.degree.departmentDepartment of Animal Biosciencesen_US
dc.degree.grantorUniversity of Guelphen
dc.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophyen_US
dc.degree.programmeAnimal Biosciencesen_US
dc.description.abstractFrequent occurrence of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin B (ENB), beauvericin (BEA), ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) in ruminant feed and feedstuff can be a potential threat to feed safety and ruminant health. Inadequate biodegradation of mycotoxins by rumen microflora following ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds by animals can lead to their circulatory transport to tissues such as mammary gland. Individual effects of these mycotoxins on barrier and innate immune functions of the bovine mammary epithelium were first investigated using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) by measuring endpoints including cell viability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular flux of FITC-40 kDa dextran and the expression of genes coding the tight junction (TJ) proteins zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin 3, pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and selected cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β. The results indicated that all tested mycotoxins significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. DON was more potent than BEA and ENB, whereas OTA was more potent than CIT. Tested mycotoxins differentially modulated TEER and FITC-dextran flux as well as mRNA expression of selected TJ proteins, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and TLR4. Efficacy assessment of three yeast cell wall-based mycotoxin adsorbents namely, yeast cell wall, yeast cell wall extract and postbiotic yeast cell wall-based blend to mitigate the toxicity of DON, BEA, OTA and CIT was then carried out using an in vitro approach combining chemical-based assay and cell-based bioassay following the incubation conditions simulating the temperature and pH occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cattle. Adsorbent efficacy assessment indicated that Hill and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were well-fitted into the LC-MS data; all tested adsorbents contributed to sequestering the tested mycotoxins to varying degrees and mitigating adverse effects of mycotoxins on MAC-T cells. The postbiotic yeast cell wall-based blend appeared to be the most efficacious overall. These findings support the hypothesis that the tested mycotoxins can disrupt barrier and innate immune homeostasis of bovine mammary epithelial cells, and that yeast cell wall-based adsorbents possess the capacity to adsorb selected mycotoxins.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
dc.description.sponsorshipAlltech Inc, KY, US
dc.identifier.citationXu, R., Kiarie, E.G., Yiannikouris, A., Sun, L., Karrow, N.A. Nutritional Impact of Mycotoxins in Food Animal Production and Strategies for Mitigation. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022, 13, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00714-2.
dc.identifier.citationXu, R., Karrow, N.A., Shandilya, U.K., Sun, L., Kitazawa, H. In-Vitro Cell Culture for Efficient Assessment of Mycotoxin Exposure, Toxicity and Risk Mitigation. Toxins 2020, 12, 146. https://doi:10.3390/toxins12030146.
dc.identifier.citationXu, R., Shandilya, U.K., Yiannikouris, A., Karrow, N.A. Ochratoxin A and Citrinin Differentially Modulate Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Permeability and Innate Immune Function. Toxins 2022, 14, 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090640.
dc.identifier.citationXu, R., Shandilya, U.K., Yiannikouris, A., Karrow, N.A. Traditional and Emerging Fusarium Mycotoxins Disrupt Homeostasis of Bovine Mammary Cells by Altering Cell Permeability and Innate Immune Function. Animal Nutrition 2023. 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.007.
dc.identifier.citationXu, R., Yiannikouris, A., Shandilya, U.K., Karrow, N.A. Comparative Assessment of Different Yeast Cell Wall-Based Mycotoxin Adsorbents Using a Model- and Bioassay-Based In Vitro Approach. Toxins. 2023, 15, 104. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/toxins15020104.
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10214/27483
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of Guelphen
dc.rights.licenseAll items in the Atrium are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.
dc.subjectAdsorptionen_US
dc.subjectCell Cultureen_US
dc.subjectIn Vitroen_US
dc.subjectMitigationen_US
dc.subjectMycotoxinsen_US
dc.subjectRuminantsen_US
dc.subjectToxicityen_US
dc.titleIn Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Mycotoxins Using Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells and Their Remediation Using Yeast Cell Wall-Based Adsorbentsen_US
dc.typeThesisen
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Xu_Ran_202303_PhD.pdf
Size:
6.32 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download
Collections
Theses & Dissertations - All (2011-
Theses & Dissertations - Harvested by LAC