Exploring COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality During the First Three Epidemic Waves in Ontario, Canada: A One Health Perspective to Assessing Risk

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dc.contributor.advisorBerke, Olaf
dc.contributor.authorMallare, John David
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-11T16:15:48Z
dc.date.available2023-05-11T16:15:48Z
dc.date.copyright2023-05
dc.date.created2023-04-28
dc.degree.departmentDepartment of Population Medicineen_US
dc.degree.grantorUniversity of Guelphen
dc.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen_US
dc.degree.programmePopulation Medicineen_US
dc.description.abstractLivestock farming serves to support human sustenance and livelihood, but these systems also emit atmospheric particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ammonia (NH3), which are known respiratory stressors. Over three epidemic waves in Ontario, Canada, prolonged exposure to PM2.5 and NH3 were explored as risk factors for COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Through multilevel negative binomial principal component (PC) regression modeling, regional variations in PM2.5 were positively associated with COVID-19; the strength of this association declined as the pandemic continued. Compared to livestock farming, fuel combustion appeared to have had a more prominent role in the observed association of PM2.5 with COVID-19. There was a minor inverse association between NH3 and COVID-19, suggesting that livestock farming communities, as opposed to more urbanized communities, had a tendency toward a decreased risk of COVID-19 health outcomes; this result may reflect confounding. In this thesis, PC regression served as an effective tool for enabling a robust One Health risk factor analysis. PC regression can be recommended for studying intricate relationships in the One Health context.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipCentre for Advancing Ethical and Artificial Intelligence
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Guelph
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10214/27556
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of Guelphen
dc.rights.licenseAll items in the Atrium are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.
dc.subjectCOVID-19 risk factorsen_US
dc.subjectLivestock farmingen_US
dc.subjectRespiratory stressorsen_US
dc.subjectNH3en_US
dc.titleExploring COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality During the First Three Epidemic Waves in Ontario, Canada: A One Health Perspective to Assessing Risken_US
dc.typeThesisen
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