The application of research synthesis methods for evaluating primary research on Salmonella in broiler chickens
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Research synthesis methods were applied to identify, appraise and summarize the primary research on 'Salmonella' in broiler chickens from farm-to-secondary processing pertaining to three sub-topics: interventions, risk factors, and prevalence. A scoping review was utilized to develop evidence maps for these sub-topics and prioritize 'a priori' determined questions for rigorous systematic reviews. Of 12, 982 potentially relevant citations, 748 studies addressed interventions, risk factors (n=30) or prevalence (n=200). Evidence maps of sub-topics indicated substantial heterogeneity in study methods. Among studies evaluating an on-farm intervention, competitive exclusion (CE, n=192) was the most frequently studied. The results of a systematic review-meta-analysis (SR-MA) indicated that various CE products reduced 'Salmonella' colonization in broilers, for up to13 weeks post-treatment. The methodological soundness of these studies was limited. The scoping review-SR-MA approach is useful for characterizing broad topics and prioritizing questions for SR, and should be considered for routine use in microbial food safety.