This is a background document prepared as part of an inter-disciplinary research project designed to probe for solutions to reduce land degradation in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to critically assess literature related to soil conservation behaviour. By reviewing factors thought to affect an individual's adoption and use of soil conservation practices it is hoped that a comprehensive model of farmer land stewardship behaviour can be developed to aid in suggesting definitive solutions to the broad concerns of water-related soil erosion in Canada.