This thesis is an investigation of the impact of one-to-one computing on special education in Uruguay. In partnership with One Laptop per Child (OLPC), the Uruguayan government has been successful in providing every primary student of the public school system with a personal laptop under an initiative entitled Plan Ceibal (Basic Computer Educational Connectivity for Online Learning). The study findings show that the one-to-one computing model has had a significant impact on learning outcomes within Uruguayan special education classrooms, due to a combination of learning opportunities afforded by the OLPC laptop, teacher support, and the unique didactic approach of special education. Outcomes are most notably observed in relation to classroom dynamics, student motivation, literacy and communication.