The emission of trace gases during refinery and bioremediation landfarming is investigated in this dissertation. Field and lab-scale methods were developed and used to quantify emissions and evaluate their impact. A flux gradient and aerodynamic mass balance micrometeorological method are described in detail along with measured total hydrocarbon (THC) and CO2 fluxes collected during measurements at 2 active refinery landfarms in Ontario. The methods worked well and allowed the unobtrusive real-time measurement of fluxes during the spreading of oily liquid wastes and dewatered biosolids, and during cultivating of the landfarm surface. Static chamber methods were developed and used to measure trace gas fluxes from a remotely located diesel-fuel contaminated soil landfarm. A modified static chamber method measured THC fluxes in real-time. Data could be collected in 10 minutes or less, minimizing the influence of the chamber's presence on the measured fluxes. Experiments were successfully performed to characterize landfarm emissions and to evaluate the impact of cultivation on emissions. A mesocosm-scale simulator facility was designed and constructed to measure trace gas fluxes from contaminated soils in real-time. Five simulators were integrated with a data acquisition system and trace gas analyzers; allowing automated sampling and calculation of THC, CO2 and water vapour fluxes. N2O fluxes were calculated using a discrete sampling method. Experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of simulated cultivation and rainfall on trace gas fluxes. Fluxes measured using the simulators were similar in magnitude to field results and effects observed during field studies were reproduced. Results from the conducted studies are used to assess the impact of landfarm emissions and recommend strategies for mitigation of emissions. A Gaussian areal source dispersion model was used to estimate airborne concentrations of hydrocarbons. Maximum concentrations were found to occur on the downwind edge of the landfarms. Maximum concentrations were at least an order of magnitude smaller than published exposure limit values for specific hydrocarbons, suggesting a minimal inhalation risk to humans. Recommendations are provided for landfarm operators to aid in minimization of volatile emissions while maintaining soil conditions for waste reduction.